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Urbanisme bruxellois – Du commerce en zone d’équipement collectif ?

News
26 MAY 2023

Public and administrative law

Town planning

Le PRAS réserve les zones d’équipements d’intérêt collectif ou de services publics aux constructions ou installations qui sont affectées à l’accomplissement d’une mission d’intérêt général ou public, notamment les services des pouvoirs locaux, les immeubles abritant les assemblées parlementaires et leurs services, les équipements scolaires, culturels, sportifs, sociaux, de santé, de culte reconnus et de morale laïque.

Ces zones peuvent cependant également accueillir, moyennant mesures particulières de publicités, des logements ou des commerces.

Quant aux commerces, ces derniers doivent constituer le complément usuel des affectations d’équipements collectifs, de services publics ou de logements (qui auraient été préalablement autorisés).

La notion de complément usuel n’a pas été définie par le PRAS qui ne comporte aucune liste indicative des commerces autorisables.

A l’occasion d’un arrêt du 18 février 2013, le conseil d’Etat a notamment considéré que « un restaurant est le complément usuel d’un club sportif et permet à celui-ci d’accueillir les sportifs, ainsi que leurs supporters ou leur famille.  Rencontre les prescriptions du PRAS, le restaurant dont l’inclusion dans le bâtiment central et les fenêtres panoramiques permettant de suivre les compétitions en cours confirme le caractère accessoire par rapport à l’utilisation principale du site ». (CE, n°222.539 du 18 février 2013)

La notion de complément doit s’entendre d’une activité qui serait donc l’accessoire de l’activité principale d’équipement collectif, de services publics ou de logements.

La notion d’usuel implique que le caractère complémentaire doit être vérifié pour ce qui concerne la généralité des zones du même type et non pas seulement en fonction de la situation particulière du site du projet, comme l’a rappelé le Conseil dans un arrêt n°240.347 du 4 janvier 2018.

On notera donc qu’en fonction de l’activité principale, du commerce de détail ou de l’Horeca peuvent se justifier de manière accessoire.

Le demandeur de permis veillera à documenter le caractère usuel de son activité avec le type d’activité principale sur le site et à s’assurer que son projet traduit sur site cette complémentarité.

Les zone d’équipements collectifs ne sont donc pas des zones monofonctionnelles mais peuvent accueillir d’autres activités.

Pour plus d’informations, vous pouvez contacter Jean LAURENT (jean.laurent@cew-law.be), Partner, département de droit public.

Written by

Jean Laurent

Partner
Linkedin-in
jean.laurent@cew-law.be
+32 (0)2 542 02 49
Public and administrative law

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